Manufacture: Bohemian manufacture for the Wiener Werkstätte
Yellowish-green glass
Gl 3311 / 1972
Manufacture: Johann Oertel & Co. for the Wiener Werkstätte
Purple glass, mold-blown
LHG 1984-16 / 2007
Curator: Rainald Franz, curator, Glass and Ceramics Collection
One focus of the rearranged study collection is on glass production in the Imperial and Royal Monarchy, which had reached
a high point in quality and variety around the turn of the century. This boom was brought about by the complex interaction
of a number of factors and a widespread network of merchant-employers, designers, trade schools, and glassworks.
In most cases, glass was not designed, produced, and refined in one and the same factory. Glassworks rather purchased designs
from artists, which they then produced using their own or purchased raw glass. Trade schools were provided by the glass factories
with raw glass for in-class refining and in return supplied royalty-free designs to the industry.
Merchant-employers such as J. & L. Lobmeyr or E. Bakalowits & Söhne, both based in Vienna, played an important role as intermediaries
in that they provided for designs and had them executed, but without appearing as manufacturers in their own name.
Being the cultural and political capital city of the monarchy, Vienna also was the center of the art avant-garde, among whose
most eminent exponents were Josef Hoffmann, Gustav Klimt, Koloman Moser, Michael Powolny, Jutta Sika, Carl Witzmann, and others.
Here, the designs were created which were then produced in the traditional glass-industry regions of the Austro-Hungarian
monarchy, that is, in Bohemia.
The artist designs were produced in very small series only and not directly incorporated in the glasswork’s standard
line of production. These extremely modern revolutionary designs nevertheless had a model character which subsequently inspired
new form concepts developed for the standard line of production.
The most important glassworks and refineries that worked together with artists from Vienna included the Johann Lötz Witwe
glassworks at Klostermühle (Klášterský Mlýn) in the Bohemian Forest, known for its iridescent décors; the company of
Meyr’s Neffe at Adolf near Winterberg (Adolfov near Vimperk), which stands for cut, engraved, and painted crystal glass;
the glassworks of Ludwig Moser at Karlsbad (Karlovy Vary); the refineries of Johann Oertel & Co and Carl Schappel at Haida
(Nový Bor), and others.
The trade schools were in close contact with the Austrian Museum of Art and Industry, today’s MAK, and the Vienna Arts
and Crafts School whose teachers created designs for the Bohemian glass industry and whose graduates often went to be teachers
at the trade schools. Moreover, the schools regularly participated in the museum’s winter exhibitions where they presented
their latest designs.
Contemporary objects from J. & L. Lobmeyr throw a bridge right into the 21st century. Continuing the tradition of the cooperation
between artists and industry, Barbara Ambrosz, Florian Ladstätter, Miki Martinek, Sebastian Menschhorn, Peter Noever, and
Polka (Marie Rahm, Monica Singer) designed glass objects for J. & L. Lobmeyr, which the company, acting as an intermediary,
had produced in Bohemian manufactories.
Another aspect of the Study Collection is stained glass both in the sacred and secular realms. The earliest examples, dating
from the 14th century and coming from St. Stephen’s in Vienna, count among the oldest extant examples of stained glass
art in Austria.
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MAK Study Collection 1993-2013
Ceramics Study Collection
Curator: Rainald Franz, curator, Glass and Ceramics Collection
